I want to now turn to dealing with specific issues in an attempt to
apply a consistent, grammatical, historical, contextual method of
interpretation that yields a futurist outcome. My approach will be to
argue that we should move from the clear to the less clear passages to
see if there are parallel items in the clear passages that help us
interpret the less clear passages. I know some will dispute my judgment
as to what are the clear passages, but I will provide a rationale for my
decisions. I am attempting to establish a framework for development of a
consistent futurism, as opposed to an inconsistent historicist-futurist
model, which is too often put forth within dispensational circles in our
day.
The Book of Revelation
I believe that when it comes to establishing a framework that refers to
the 70th week of Daniel, or as I call it "the tribulation," the book of
Revelation provides the clearest guidance on this matter. In fact, I
cannot think of one futurist who does not believe that the boundaries of
the tribulation are covered in chapters four (some begin at chapter six)
through 19 of Revelation. Such agreement is an amazing consensus on the
matter, most likely because it is so clear from the text as to limit
dispute. There are some significant differences among futurists as to
the exact sequence of events within chapters four through nineteen, but
not that these chapters parallel Daniel's 70th week (Dan. 9:24–27). "If
our interpretation is the right one there must be perfect harmony
between these three: Old Testament Prophecy: Matthew xxiv:4-44, and
Revelation vi-xix" insists Arno Gaebelein. I believe just such a
harmony exists, especially between the Olivet Discourse and Revelation.
This is what convinces me that verses 4–14 refer to the first half of
the tribulation. Gaebelein continues:
If this is the correct interpretation, if Matthew xxiv:4-14 refers to
the beginning of that coming end of the age and if Revelation vi refers
to the same beginning of the end and that which follows the sixth
chapter leads us on into the great tribulation, then there must be a
perfect harmony between that part of the Olivet discourse contained in
Matthew xxiv and the part of Revelation beginning with the sixth
chapter. And such is indeed the case.
Revelation four and five are the heavenly prelude and cause of the
tribulation that begins to unfold on earth in chapter six.
This would
mean that the clear teaching of Revelation is that the tribulation
begins in chapter four or six and runs until Christ returns in chapter
nineteen. Thus, it is significant that the seal judgments in Revelation
6 parallel "the beginning of birth pangs" in Matthew 24:8. "The
acceptance of this view, in part," observes McLean, "is dependent on how
much weight is given to the parallels between the synoptics and
Revelation." Since all futurists see the Olivet Discourse as
parallel to Revelation to some degree, it makes sense that these two
portions of Scripture would be focused on the same basic time period —
the tribulation.
Birth Pangs
Matthew 24:8 characterizes the events of verses 4–7 as "the beginning of
birth-pangs." The Greek word dinon means "the pain of childbirth,
travail-pain, birth-pang." It is said to be "intolerable anguish, in
reference to the dire calamities which the Jews supposed would precede
the advent of the Messiah."
Another authority agrees and says, "of
the 'Messianic woes', the terrors and torments that precede the coming
of the Messianic Age." The notion that birth pangs have been taking
place throughout the entire Church Age is a historicist notion. The
consistent futurist position makes more sense within the framework of
the birth pangs motif. Within the context of the motif employed by
Christ, we would see the pregnancy beginning with Acts 2, the beginning
of the Church. The beginning of the birth pangs would parallel with the
beginning of the tribulation, since these take place within a pregnancy
right before the birth occurs. The birth, in this context would relate
to the second coming of Christ to earth, after the tribulation, which is
compared to birth-pangs.
It is likely that our Lord had in mind the Old Testament reference to
birth pangs in Jeremiah 30:6–7, which says,
"Ask now, and see, if a male can give birth. Why do I see every man with
his hands on his loins, as a woman in childbirth? And why have all faces
turned pale? Alas! for that day is great, there is none like it; and it
is the time of Jacob's distress, but he will be saved from it."
In the context of Jeremiah 30 the Lord clearly promises restoration to
the people of Israel and Judah, however, it will be through tribulation,
as noted in Jeremiah 30:6–7. Thus, the birth-pang motif encompasses what
we often call today the tribulation period. These prophecies do not
relate to the church age, but instead, they deal with the nation of
Israel.
Randall Price explains the birth pangs of Messiah as follows:
The birth pangs are significant in the timing of the Tribulation, as
revealed by Jesus in the Olivet discourse (Matt. 24:8). Jesus' statement
of the "birth pangs" is specifically that the events of the first half
of the Tribulation (vv. 4-7) are merely the "beginning," with the
expectation of greater birth pangs in the second half (the "Great
Tribulation"). Based on this analogy, the entire period of the
seventieth week is like birth pangs. As a woman must endure the entire
period of labor before giving birth, so Israel must endure the entire
seven-year Tribulation.
The time divisions of Tribulation are also illustrated by the figure, for just as the natural process intensifies toward delivery after labor ends, so here the Tribulation moves progressively toward the second advent (vv. 30-31), which takes place "immediately after" the Tribulation ends (v. 29). As there are two phases of the birth pangs (beginning labor and full labor), so the seven years of Tribulation are divided between the less severe and more severe experiences of terrestrial and cosmic wrath, as revealed progressively in the Olivet discourse and the judgment section of Revelation 6—19.
Paul also uses the motif of birth pangs in 1 Thessalonians 5:3 where he
says,
"While they are saying, 'Peace and safety!' then destruction will come
upon them suddenly like birth pangs upon a woman with child; and they
shall not escape."
The context of this passage relates to the tribulation period, which
fits the other uses of birth pangs.
Raphael Patai in his helpful book, The Messiah Texts, has dozens of
references to extra-biblical commentary from Jewish writings in a
chapter entitled "The Pangs of Times." Patai tells us that "the
pangs of the Messianic times are imagined as having heavenly as well as
earthly sources and expressions... Things will come to such a head that
people will despair of Redemption. This will last seven years. And then,
unexpectedly, the Messiah will come." This widespread Jewish idea
fits exactly into the framework that Jesus expresses in the Olivet
Discourse. The birth pangs of Messiah, also known as "the footprints of
the Messiah," support the notion that Matthew 24:4–14 relate to the
tribulation period leading up to the second advent of the Messiah since
it is known as a time of great tribulation that results in Messiah's
earthly arrival.
Conclusion
Since we move from the clear texts to the less clear, we see that when
it comes to the timing of when the judgments of Revelation six takes
place, all futurists believe that they will occur during the first part
of the tribulation. I consider this to be clear because all futurists
hold this view and the timing of these events are not disputed within
our circles.